Physiology of Dogs: Unlock Essential Canine Health & Anatomy Secrets

Skeletons of the forelimb of the dog Inside view
1 Subscapular fossa
2 Neck of scapula
3 Suprascapular fossa of the fossa
4 Nodes of the humerus
5 Greater tubercle of the humerus
6 Nodule of the greater trochanter
7 Condyles of the humerus
8 Medial epicondyle
9 Elbow
10 The ulna

11. hoof of the radius
12. radius
13. interphalangeal space of the forearm
14. trochanter of the radius
15. carpal bones
16. middle carpal bones
17. ulnar carpal bones
18. second carpal bone
19. fourth carpal bone
20. third carpal bone
21. first carpal bone
22. first finger
23. first metacarpal
24. proximal phalanx

Skeleton of the hind limb of the dog Inside view

1. recommendatory nodes 2. hip nodes
2. Skeletal wing 4. Indene B
3. body of the skeleton 6. pubic bone
4. Skeletal pubic ramus 8. Sciatic spine
5. foramen ovale 10. sciatica indene

11… Union of the hip bones 12. Rotator fossa

13… Force rotor 14. Femur

15… Limb bone slide 16. Medial superior margin

17.. Medial margin of femur 18. Sub-bone of the peroneal septum

19.. Lateral margin of femur 20. Knee bone

21… Seed bone of the muscle 22. Fibula

23… Inner edge of tibia 24. Roughness of the tibia

25… Tibia 26.. Medial margin of the tibia

27… Heel bone 28. Talus

29.. Central tarsus 30. Fourth tarsus

31.. Third tarsus 32. Second tarsus

33… First tarsus 34. 2nd-5th talus

35… Proximal seed bone 36. Second phalanx

37.. Fifth phalanx 38. Third phalanx

39… Fourth phalanx.

Skin section of dog

Eye structure diagram

1、Vision for human 1/5-1/3
2, can distinguish between stationary targets within 50 meters, 800 meters within the movement of the target
3、Color blindness
4、Strong night vision

Ear structure diagram

1、Hearing for human 16 times, high frequency
2、Distinguish all kinds of sound within 1000 meters

Digestive system

1, salivary glands developed: wet, sterilization, heat dissipation
2、High stomach acid content (0.4-0.6%)
3、Short intestines, no fermentation ability
4、Vomiting center is well developed
5、Liver is 3% of body weight, detoxification

Viscera Ventral view Abdominal wall reflexion Stomach consummation Removal of greater omentum

1. Liver
   2, Stomach
   3, Spleen
   4, Duodenum
   5, Jejunum
   6、Jejunal mesentery
   7、Bladder
   8、Middle ligament of the bladder
   9, Greater omentum (stop)

Intestinal tract Right lateral view Graphic (model)

1, Stomach
2-4, Duodenum
2, Cranial lateral duodenum
3, Cranial lateral duodenum
4, Caudal lateral duodenum
5、Duodenal jejunal curvature
6, Jejunum
7、Ileum
8, Cecum
9、Ascending colon
10、Transverse colon
11、Descending colon
12, Cecum
13, Duodenocolonic folds
14、Ileal folds
15、Jejunal mesentery
16, Cranial lateral mesenteric artery
17, Ileal artery
18、Right colonic artery
19、Left colonic artery
20, Caudal lateral mesenteric artery
21, Caudal rectal artery
22, Jejunal artery
23, Jejunal lymph nodes

Local anatomical relationships of the dorsal abdominal organs

1, Right kidney
2, Left kidney
3, Posterior vena cava
4, Right renal artery and vein
5, Aorta
6, Left renal artery and vein
7, Left ovarian artery and vein
8, Right uterine horn
9, Left uterine horn
10, Right ovarian artery and vein, right fallopian tube
11, Deep spinothalamic artery and vein, ilioinguinal nerve
12, psoas major and psoas rectus muscles
13、Lumbar aorta and lymph nodes
14, Rotator ani lateral artery, common iliac vein
15, Internal iliac vein
16、Middle referral artery
17, Descending colon mesentery
18, Descending colon
19、Body of the uterus
20, Bladder
21, Line of attachment of the greater omentum
22, Greater omentum
23, Liver
24, Spleen
25, Caudal mesenteric artery

Viscera

1, Scapula
2, Ribs
3、First lumbar vertebra
4、the sacrum
5, Hip joint
6, Femur
7, Seventh rib
8, Cranial lateral part of the cranial lateral lobe of the left lung
9, Caudolateral part of the cranial lateral lobe of the left lung
10, Caudolateral lobe of the left lung
11, Heart
12, Psoas muscle
13, Ribs of the diaphragm
14, Left kidney
15, Liver
16, Stomach
17, Greater omentum
18, Spleen
19, Descending colon
20, Left uterine horn
21、Jejunum
22、Rectum
23、Bladder
24, Diaphragmatic apex

Viscera Right lateral view

1, Scapula
2, Ribs
3, First lumbar vertebra
4、the sacrum
5, Hip joint
6, Femur
7, Seventh rib
8, Cranial lateral lobe of the right lung
9, Middle lobe of the right lung
10, Caudolateral lobe of the right lung
11, Heart
12, Psoas muscle
13, Ribs of the diaphragm
14, Right kidney
15, Liver
15′, Shape of the liver
16, Duodenum
17, Cecum
18, Ascending colon
19, Right Fallopian tube
20, Descending colon
21, Uterus
22, Rectum
23, Jejunum
24、Jejunal mesentery
25, Bladder
26、Pancreas
27, Diaphragmatic apex

Dog’s teeth

Diagram of the urinary system in dogs

Diagram of the dog’s reproductive system

Left view of the location of the dog’s reproductive organs. Left pelvic branch removed..

1. superficial gluteal muscle
   2 Dorsal masseter muscle
   3 Transverse caudal interosseous muscle
   4 Lateral caudal artery and vein
   5 Caudal muscle (lateral)
   6 Anal sphincter
   7 Lateral anal sphincter (anterior)
   8 Lateral anal sphincter (posterior)
   9 Sciatic nerve
   10 Anterior gluteal nerve
   11 Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
2. nerves of the pubic region
3. arteries and veins within the pubic region
4. posterior gluteal muscles
5. iliac sinus
6. acetabulum
7. internal oblique abdominal muscle
8. inguinal ligament
9. iliopsoas muscle
10. femoral nerve
11. deep femoral artery and vein
12. femoral artery and vein
    24. external oblique abdominal muscle
13. external foot
14. internal pedicle
15. external pubic artery and vein
16. inguinal canal
17. spermatic cord
18. internal obturator muscle
19. obturator nerve
20. adductor pollicis brevis
21. bulbocavernosus muscle
22. sciatico-cavernous muscle
23. corpus cavernosum
24. penile retractor
25. Dorsal penile arteries, veins and nerves
26. glans bulb
27. prostate gland
28. levator ani muscle
29. sheath and fascia of spermatic cord
30. vas deferens
31. testis
32. scrotum
33. prepuce

Left view of the location of the reproductive organs in the dog Left pelvic branch and left hemipelvis removed

1 Third lumbar vertebra
2 Seventh lumbar vertebra
3 Wings of the sponsors
4 External part of the sponson
5 Lumbar multifidus muscle
6 Lateral dorsal caudal muscle
7 Intertransverse caudal muscle
8 Caudal muscle (external)
9 Anal retinaculum
10 Lateral Abdominal Coccygeus
11 psoas major

12. left kidney
13. sciatic nerve anterior gluteal artery and vein 14. posterior gluteal artery and vein
14. posterior gluteal artery and vein
15. rectus pudendalum
16. anal retractor
17. internal pubic artery and vein Rectal retractors
18. external anal sphincter (anterior)
19. external anal sphincter (posterior)
20. clitoral retractors
21. retractor muscles of the vestibule and labia
22. ovarian fascia
23. right ovary
24. aorta posterior vena cava
25. left external iliac artery and vein
26. iliolumbar artery
27. vaginal artery and vein
28. right broad uterine ligament
29. broad uterine ligament (right)
30. right uterine horn
31. left uterine horn
32. left broad uterine ligament
33. broad ligament of the right uterus
34. body of the uterus
35. vagina
36. labia
37. clitoris Ventral perineal artery and vein
38. bladder
39. lateral ligament of the bladder
40. ventral white line of the median ligament of the bladder
41. united surfaces of the hip bones
42. external pubic artery and vein
43. adductor magnus
44. thin femoral muscle
45. superficial inguinal lymph nodes
46. transversus abdominis muscle
47. rectus femoris muscle
48. Left ureter
49. Rectal mesentery
    50 Rectum